Definition & characteristics:
Maximalism in fine art is a modern movement characterized by an embrace of excess, complexity, and opulence. It stands in contrast to minimalism, focusing on rich, layered, and detailed compositions that often involve vibrant colors, intricate patterns, and a wide range of materials. Maximalist art rejects the idea of simplicity, instead celebrating abundance and the coexistence of various elements, often resulting in bold, immersive works that engage viewers on multiple sensory levels. Maximalism began to emerge in the late 20th century, particularly during the 1970s and 1980s, as a reaction against the austerity and simplicity of minimalism, which had dominated much of the earlier part of the century. It has continued to evolve and remains influential in contemporary art and design.
Key artists:
Kehinde Wiley by 
Koons by 
Murakami: Ego by Definition & characteristics:
Futurism is an early 20th-century modern art movement that originated in Italy around 1909. It was founded by the poet Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, who published the Futurist Manifesto, which called for a break from the past and a celebration of modernity, technology, speed, and violence. Futurism sought to capture the dynamic energy of the modern world, focusing on themes like the movement of machinery, urban life, and the glorification of war as a means of cultural renewal.
The movement's visual style is characterized by fragmented forms, a sense of motion, and the use of bold colors to convey the dynamism and chaos of the modern age. Futurism had a significant influence on various art forms, including painting, sculpture, architecture, and even literature and music.
Key artists:
Concepts of Modern Art by 
Giorgio de Chirico by Definition & characteristics:
Afrofuturism in fine art is a movement that envisions the future through the lens of African diaspora culture, blending elements of science fiction, technology, African history, and mythology. It challenges traditional narratives by reimagining Black identities, histories, and futures, often using speculative fiction, fantasy, and futuristic themes. Afrofuturism not only critiques current societal conditions but also imagines new possibilities and realms where Black culture thrives. Afrofuturism began to take shape as a distinct movement in the late 20th century, particularly in the 1990s, and remains vibrant today, with contemporary artists continuing to explore and expand on Afrofuturist ideas in their work.
Key artists:
Afrofuturism by Kehinde Wiley by 
Black Artists Shaping the World by 