Law and Paralegal Resources - Valparaiso

From The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia
Associate justice of the US Supreme Court from 2006. A judge on the US Court of Appeals from 1990, he replaced the retiring Sandra Day O'Connor.

American jurist who served as an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1916-1939). His opposition to monopolies and defense of individual human rights formed the basis of many of his high court decisions.

From The Columbia Encyclopedia
Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1994–2022), b. San Francisco. A graduate of Stanford and Oxford universities and of Harvard Law School (1964), he clerked (1964–65) for Supreme Court Justice Arthur Goldberg, then worked for the Justice Dept. and as chief counsel to the Senate Judiciary Committee. Justice Breyer retired from the court June 30 2022.

US jurist, chief justice of the US Supreme Court 1969-86. Appointed to the court by President Richard Nixon because of his conservative views, Burger showed himself to be pragmatic and liberal on some social issues, including abortion and desegregation.

American public official and jurist, 6th Chief Justice of the United States (1864–73), b. Cornish, N.H. Admitted to the bar in 1829, he defended runaway blacks so often that he became known as "attorney general for fugitive slaves."

From Supreme Court Justices
Associate justice of the Supreme Court, 1981–2005. In 1981 Sandra Day O’Connor became the first woman justice on the Supreme Court. On the court of Chief Justice Warren Burger and later that of William H. Rehnquist, O’Connor generally occupied the political center. O’Connor retired from the Court in January 2006.

From The Columbia Encyclopedia
Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1993-2020), b. Brooklyn, N.Y. A graduate (1954) of Cornell Univ., she attended Harvard Law School, then transferred to Columbia Law School, graduating in 1959.

The first Hispanic Justice on the U. S. Supreme Court in 2009, when President Barack Obama appointed her. Sotomayor's background is somewhat uncommon for Supreme Court justices: her father was a welder with a thirdgrade background and she grew up in a public-housing project. A speech she gave in 2001 caused some controversy during her confirmation. The statement was: “I would hope that a wise Latina woman with the richness of her experiences would more often than not reach a better conclusion than a white male who hasn't lived that life.” She stood by her statement.

Kagan was born on April 28, 1960 in New York City to a middle-class, Jewish family. Her mother was an elementary school teacher, and her father was a partner who worked with tenant associations at Kagan & Lubic law firm. Kagan became interested in law at an early age, given her father's influences. After law school, Kagan acted as law clerk for Judge Abner Mikva on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. In 1988, she clerked for Justice Thurgood Marshall of the U.S. Supreme Court She is the fourth female justice to serve on the Supreme Court.

Neil Gorsuch holds the seat on the Supreme Court previously occupied by Justice Antonin Scalia, who died in February of 2016. Scalia's death set off a battle between the Obama administration and Senate Republicans regarding his replacement. President Obama nominated D.C. Circuit Judge Merrick Garland, but Senate Republicans, led by Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-KY), refused to consider or hold hearings on Obama's choice, arguing the vacancy should be filled only after the 2016 presidential election. Shortly after Donald J. Trump was inaugurated as president in 2017, he nominated Gorsuch for the position, ensuring the seat continued to be occupied by a conservative justice.

On July 9, 2018, President Trump announced that Kavanaugh, fifty-three, was his pick for the open seat on the Supreme Court, and he called for a “swift” confirmation in the Senate. Kavanaugh, a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia, had been a law clerk for Justice Kennedy and then a participant in the most contentious partisan battles of the subsequent decades. He worked for independent counsel Kenneth W. Starr to impeach President Bill Clinton and for George W. Bush in the Florida vote recount, including working on the appeals in the Bush v. Gore case that determined the winner of the 2000 presidential election. He then spent four years working on President Bush's staff before becoming a federal judge. An ideological conservative, Judge Kavanaugh was expected to push the Court to the right on many issues. Although Democrats prepared for a confirmation battle, Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., had in 2017 changed Senate rules to allow the confirmation of a Supreme Court justice with only a simple majority of votes. Prior to that, it took sixty votes to confirm a Supreme Court judge. Now Judge Kavanaugh could be appointed to a lifetime tenure on the Court without a single Democratic vote. In his public statement, he said, “If confirmed by the Senate, I will keep an open mind on every case.”

Amy Coney Barrett, Associate Justice,
was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, on January 28, 1972. She married Jesse M. Barrett in 1999, and they have seven children - Emma, Vivian, Tess, John Peter, Liam, Juliet, and Benjamin. She received a B.A. from Rhodes College in 1994 and a J.D. from Notre Dame Law School in 1997. She served as a law clerk for Judge Laurence H. Silberman of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit from 1997 to 1998, and for Justice Antonin Scalia of the Supreme Court of the United States during the 1998 Term. After two years in private law practice in Washington, D.C., she became a law professor, joining the faculty of Notre Dame Law School in 2002. She was appointed a Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit in 2017. President Donald J. Trump nominated her as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, and she took her seat on October 27, 2020.

Ketanji Brown Jackson, Associate Justice,
was born in Washington, D.C., on September 14, 1970. She married Patrick Jackson in 1996, and they have two daughters. She received an A.B., magna cum laude, from Harvard-Radcliffe College in 1992, and a J.D., cum laude, from Harvard Law School in 1996. She served as a law clerk for Judge Patti B. Saris of the U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts from 1996 to 1997, Judge Bruce M. Selya of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit from 1997 to 1998, and Justice Stephen G. Breyer of the Supreme Court of the United States during the 1999 Term. After three years in private practice, she worked as an attorney at the U.S. Sentencing Commission from 2003 to 2005. From 2005 to 2007, she served as an assistant federal public defender in Washington, D.C., and from 2007 to 2010, she was in private practice. She served as a Vice Chair and Commissioner on the U.S. Sentencing Commission from 2010 to 2014. In 2012, President Barack Obama nominated her to the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, where she served from 2013 to 2021. She was appointed to the Defender Services Committee of the Judicial Conference of the United States in 2017, and the Supreme Court Fellows Commission in 2019. President Joseph R. Biden, Jr., appointed her to the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit in 2021 and then nominated her as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court in 2022. She took her seat on June 30, 2022.

American jurist, Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1902–32), b. Boston; son of the writer Oliver Wendell Holmes.

American statesman and jurist, Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1910–16), U.S. Secretary of State (1921–25), and eleventh Chief Justice of the United States (1930–41), b. Glens Falls, N.Y.

American statesman, first Chief Justice of the United States, b. New York City, grad. King's College (now Columbia Univ.), 1764.

From The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia
US jurist, appointed associate justice of the US Supreme Court in 1988. A conservative, he wrote the majority opinion in Washington v. Harper (1990) that the administration of medication for mentally ill prisoners, without the prisoner's consent, is permissible.Kennedy retired from the court July31, 2006

American jurist who served as an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court from 1967 to 1991. As a lawyer for the NAACP Marshall argued 32 cases before the Supreme Court, winning 29 of them.

US Supreme Court associate justice 1972-86, and chief justice from 1986. Under his leadership the court established a reputation for conservative rulings on such issues as abortion and capital punishment.

From The Columbia Encyclopedia
American public official, chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (2005–) b. Buffalo, N.Y., grad. Harvard (B.A. 1976, J.D. 1979). He clerked (1980–81) for Supreme Court Justice William Rehnquist before serving in the Reagan administration as special assistant to the attorney general (1981–82) and associate counsel to the president (1982–86).

From The Columbia Encyclopedia
Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1986–2016), b. Trenton, N.J. He graduated from Harvard Law School (1960) and subsequently taught law at the Univ. of Virginia (1967–71) and the Univ. of Chicago (1977–82).

From The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia
US Supreme Court associate justice from 1990. A former attorney general of New Hampshire 1976-78, he was nominated to the court by President George H W Bush in 1990. Justice Souter retired from the court on June 29 2009.

From The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia
US Supreme Court associate justice from 1975, nominated by President Gerald Ford. His opinions and dissents have been wide ranging, taking the view that the death penalty is not by definition cruel and unusual punishment in Jurek v. Texas (1976), and that the burning of the US flag in protest is unconstitutional in Texas v. Johnson.

From The Columbia Encyclopedia
Associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1991-), b. Pin Point (Savannah), Ga. Raised in a poor family, he graduated (1974) from the Yale Law School and became a prominent black conservative active in Republican causes.

From Culture Wars: An Encyclopedia of Issues, Viewpoints, and Voices
The fourteenth chief justice of the United States (1953–1969), Earl Warren became a lightning rod in the culture wars for the controversial decisions issued by the Supreme Court during his tenure.

U.S. lawyer and statesman: secretary of state (1949-53) under President Truman.

From The Columbia Encyclopedia
American political figure, b. Chicago, grad. Yale Univ. (B.A., 1964), Univ. of Chicago School of Law (J.D., 1967). A conservative Republican, Ashcroft was Missouri state auditor (1975–76) and attorney general (1976–85) before being twice elected to the post of governor (1985–93).

Political leader and orator, born in Salem, Illinois, USA. After practising law, he was elected to the US House of Representatives (Democrat, 1891–5) and began to develop his reputation as the Great Commoner, using his oratorical skills on behalf of the causes of ordinary folk.

American jurist, Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1932–38), b. New York City. Educated at Columbia Univ., he practiced law until he was elected (1913) to the New York supreme court. Cardozo was then appointed (1914) to the court of appeals, elected (1917) for a 14-year term, and elected (1927) chief judge of the court, which, largely through his influence, gained international fame.

Attorney general of the United States (1967–69), b. Dallas, Tex.; son of Tom Campbell Clark. Admitted to the bar in 1951, Ramsey Clark practiced law in Dallas.

US criminal defence lawyer; best known for his defence of the teaching of Darwin's theory of evolution in the Scopes trial.

American jurist, Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1862–77), b. Cecil co., Md., grad. Kenyon College, 1832; cousin of Henry Winter Davis. In 1836 he settled as a lawyer in Bloomington, Ill., his home thereafter.

Associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1965–69), b. Memphis, Tenn. After receiving his law degree from Yale in 1933, he taught there (1933–37) and also held a variety of government posts.

from The Columbia Encyclopedia
American government official, b. San Antonio, Tex. After serving in the Air Force (1973–75), he attended the Air Force Academy and graduated from Rice Univ. (B.A., 1979) and Harvard Law School (J.D., 1982). He was in private practice in Texas until he was named general counsel to Texas governor George W. Bush in 1994.

American jurist. As an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1877-1911) he was known for his outspoken dissenting opinions.

American politician who served as U.S. attorney general (1961-1964) during the presidency of his brother John F. Kennedy. He was elected to the Senate (1964) and was campaigning for the presidency when he was assassinated in Los Angeles.

American jurist, b. near Brewster, N.Y. He was admitted to the bar in 1785 and began practice in Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Active in the Federalist party, he served several terms in the New York legislature.

U.S. Secretary of State (1915–20), b. Watertown, N.Y. An authority in the field of international law, he founded the American Journal of International Law in 1907 and remained an editor of it until his death.

From The Columbia Encyclopedia
American jurist, b. Bronx, N.Y., grad. Columbia (A.B., 1963), Yale Law School (LL.B., 1967). After being in private practice (1967–72), he was appointed assistant U.S. attorney for the Southern District of New York in 1972 and served (1975–76) as chief of its official corruption unit.

American jurist who was dean of Harvard Law School (1916-1936) and wrote several influential books, including The Spirit of the Common Law (1921).

From The Columbia Encyclopedia
U.S. attorney general (1993-2001), b. Miami, Fla.; grad. Harvard Law School (1963). As assistant state's attorney (1973-76) and state's attorney (1976-93) for Dade Co., Fla., she became known for her attention to children's rights, drug cases, and juvenile justice reform.

US attorney and judge. Starr's role as independent counsel in charge of the Whitewater investigation led to the impeachment of US president Bill Clinton on 19 December 1998, after Starr expanded his investigation in January 1998 to include allegations of an affair between President Clinton and White House intern Monica Lewinsky.

American jurist, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court (1811–45), b. Marblehead, Mass. Admitted to the Massachusetts bar in 1801, he practiced law in Salem and was several times elected to the Massachusetts legislature.