Criminal Justice - Terre Haute

Archibald attempts to find variables that can explain the variation not only in the adoption of the death penalty, but also in the implementation of capital punishment. She combines Kingdon’s Garbage Can model and Social Control Theory to explain the differences in the adoption and implementation of the death penalty. Given that there was only one model that showed a correlation between the adoption and implementation of the death penalty and homicide rates, while other variables, such as race and hate crimes, were correlated across multiple models, one could argue that the death penalty is used as a means of social control. Her results also bolster the argument that state policies are not merely reactions to murder rates, but are influenced by other sociological, political, and economic factors.

In capital trials archival research documents race-of-victim discrimination while the experimental research supports a race-of-offender effect. Using interviews with jurors, Edelman sought to reconcile this conflict and explain how and when race effects are likely to occur. White jurors were more likely to discount mitigating evidence when the victim was white. White jurors empathized more with a white than black victim. Victim race also had an indirect effect on the evaluation of the defendant. Killers of whites were evaluated less positively than killers of blacks. These two effects suggest that white jurors were less likely to hold a life sentence position when a black defendant was convicted for murdering a white victim.

This text offers a welcome and appropriate mixture of knowledge or information about specific types of technology along with empirical studies of certain technology used in various subcomponents of the criminal justice system.

Throwing light on a timely and controversial subject, this volume considers the privacy rights of alleged criminals, convicted criminals, crime victims, and justice personnel--and the violation of those rights--in light of post-9/11 privacy policy changes.This revealing book answers many crucial questions. What legal surveillance, search, and seizure authority do criminal justice officials have when investigating crimes, monitoring criminals, or regulating justice personnel? What factors have contributed to changing guidelines and practices? What protections do persons have when they interact with the criminal justice system? What are the privacy implications of surveillance and search practices in public places, such as schools, workplaces, or public areas? What methods and technologies are used in surveillance, search, or seizure? How do we balance individual privacy rights against public safety?

The growth of technology allows us to imagine entirely new ways of committing, combating and thinking about criminality, criminals, police, courts, victims and citizens. Technology offers not only new tools for committing and fighting crime, but new ways to look for, unveil, label crimes and new ways to know, watch, prosecute and punish criminals. This book attempts to disentangle the realities, the myths, the politics, the theories and the practices of our new, technology-assisted, era of crime and policing.

Explains the difficulties in applying traditional Fourth Amendment jurisprudence to digital evidence. He examines issues related to drafting search warrants, as well as several of the more common warrantless search doctrines, in order to determine what aspects of traditional search and seizure doctrine apply to crimes involving technology. To amplify his points, he discusses several high technology crimes. Additionally, he studies the nature of digital evidence in order to show how its volatile nature requires a greater understanding of when evidence may or may not be legally seized and searched.

Unfortunately, popular television dramas do not represent the way most homicide cases in the United States are actually handled. Crime scenes are not always protected from contamination; physical evidence is often packaged improperly, lost, or left unaccounted for; forensic experts are not always consulted; and mistakes and omissions on the autopsy table frequently cut investigations short or send detectives down the wrong investigative path. In Forensics Under Fire, Jim Fisher makes a compelling case that these and other problems in the practice of forensic science allow offenders to escape justice and can also lead to the imprisonment of innocent people. Bringing together examples from a host of high-profile criminal cases and familiar figures, such as the JonBenet Ramsey case and Dr. Henry Lee who presented physical evidence in the O. J. Simpson trial, along with many lesser known but fascinating stories, Fisher presents daunting evidence that forensic science has a long way to go before it lives up to its potential and the public's expectations.

How and when police use force, and what constitutes excessive force, is central to the debate over policing and race. This book examines use-of-force policies and training, militarization of police, the role of body cameras and video, officer accountability, and the future of policing.

In housing, health care, education, employment, policing, and more, systemic racism perpetuates inequality and puts African Americans at a disadvantage. This book shows what systemic racism looks like today and discusses efforts aimed at altering this dynamic.

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders make up 2% of Australians, yet constitute over a quarter of the prison population. This book examines the latest research on indigenous imprisonment rates, and reviews progress on addressing Aboriginal deaths in custody and youth detention reform. How can governments reduce over-incarceration and work with communities to implement interventions? What will it take to unlock the problems of indigenous inequality in the criminal justice system?

Queer criminological work is at the forefront of critical academic criminology, responding to the exclusion of queer communities from criminology, and the injustices that they experience through the criminal justice system. This volume draws together both theoretical and empirical contributions that develop the growing scholarship being produced at the intersection of 'queer' and 'criminology'.

This book explores the experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual and trans (LGBT) communities as victims, offenders and staff within the criminal justice system. It draws on both emerging and existing LGBT research and campaigns to identify and explore issues relevant to the criminal justice system, including: agencies of the criminal justice system, victimisation, domestic violence and abuse, transgender experiences, LGBT people as offenders, international perspectives and the personal experiences of LGBT people.

Critically examines claims of innovation, empowerment, and gender-responsivity in youth correction that currently dominate the field. Drawing on rich ethnographic data, this book uncovers the reality of, and gives voice to, the experiences and continued mistreatment of marginalized girls housed in locked institutions in the US State of California. By providing detailed insight into the detention experiences and the pathways of several young women, this book draws stark comparisons between the lived experience of young women in detention with the official rhetoric of empowerment that dominates public discourse.