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Worldwide, an estimated 630,000 people died of AIDS-related illnesses in 2022, while an estimated thirty-nine million people were living with HIV infection at the end of 2022.
Symptoms: Stage 1: fever, enlarged lymph nodes, sore throat, muscle and joint pain, rash, and malaise. Stage 2: The asymptomatic phase: all flulike symptoms vanish Stage 3: AIDS. Signs include infections: the most common are Pneumonia and Tuberculosis. Dementia and cancer may also develop. Causes: Acquiring human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) through sexual contact, intravenous drug use, or blood transfusions. Testing: Blood or saliva test. |
This is part three of a three part documentary filmed to commemorate New England Journal of Medicine's 200th Anniversary. The entire documentary is entitled "Getting Better".
Jonathan Van Ness discusses 40 years of HIV/AIDS by hearing from the people who have survived the global pandemic, what it’s like living with HIV & how it’s stigmatized now.
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Viral STIs:
Symptoms: Fluid-filled blisters or sores on the skin of the genitals, anal opening, on the buttocks or thighs, inside the vagina on the cervix, or in the urinary tract. Causes: The infection is caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). Testing: Viral culture, Blood Test
Symptoms: Warts in genital and anal areas. Causes: Viral infection spread through skin (usually sexual) contact Testing: Frequent Pap Smears for women and physical examination of warts. |
Viral STIs. Bad news. Can't be cured. Galena succintly explains what viral STIs are and the risks to your health they pose.
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Bacterial STIs:
Symptoms: Often asymptomatic, but include: watery discharge, frequent urination, and mild inflammation of the cervix. Causes: The bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis Testing: Men and Women can be screened via a sample from the infected site, a swab, or a urine sample.
Symptoms: In men, sometimes urinary discomfort and discharge In women, sometimes vaginal discharge, urinary discomfort, urethral discharge, lower abdominal discomfort, and pain with intercourse Causes: Bacterial infection through intercourse Testing: Culture of urine or discharge sample
Symptoms: In sexually transmitted form, painless skin lesion (chancre), malaise, headache, fever, joint aches, rash, sores in mouth and throat In congenital form, stillbirth, blindness, physical abnormalities Causes: Bacterial infection from Treponema palladum transmitted through sexual contact or congenitally Testing: Microscopic examination of lesions, testing of serum antibodies or tissue lipids
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Except for HIV, the number of STIs/STDs has been growing for two decades, and surged during the pandemic. People aren’t having more sex, so… why is this?
Parasitic STIs
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Symptoms: Itching in the genital area, visible nits (lice eggs) or crawling lice Causes: Sexual contact Testing: Finding a “crab” louse or egg (nit) on hair in the pubic region or, less commonly, elsewhere on the body
Symptoms: Rash, severe itching Causes: Skin infestation by mites Testing: Examination with a magnifying lens
Symptoms: Often Asymptomatic Men with trich may notice:
Women with trich may notice:
Causes: Infection with Trichomonas vaginalis (a protozoan parasite); Sexually active people can get trich by having sex without a condom with a partner who has trich. Testing: Physical Examination combined with laboratory test |
Sexually Transmitted Diseases by
Chlamydia, gonorrhea, human papillomavirus (HPV), and other infections and diseases that are spread through sexual contact are a serious problem throughout the world. Through objective overviews, primary sources, and full-color illustrations.
Education and HIV/AIDS by
The global HIV/AIDS epidemic has already killed 20 million people and another 40 million people are currently infected. The magnitude of this epidemic requires a response that confronts the disease from every sector, but education plays a particularly important role. Education and HIV/AIDS provides a strategic direction for the World Bank in responding to the impact of HIV/AIDS on education systems. The central message of this book is that the education of children and youth deserves the highest priority in a world afflicted by the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Education has proven to be one of the most effective means of HIV prevention. This book finds that countries need to immediately strengthen their education systems in order to offer hope for escaping from the grip of HIV/AIDS.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases by
In recent years, molecular techniques have enhanced our ability to detect sexually transmitted infections and to conduct research to further our und- standing of sexually transmitted diseases. Molecular methods to quantitate pathogen load have also been shown to be useful for the management of HIV and other viral STDs. Existing laboratory manuals for the clinical microbi- ogy laboratory often do not include molecular methods for STDs. Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Methods and Protocols is intended to fill the need for a dedicated manual that covers all the fundamental aspects of molecular pro- cols for laboratory diagnosis, as well as research methodology for STDs, - cluding HIV. There are more than types of molecular techniques described in this book covering nine major sexually transmitted pathogens. Although mole- lar methods for the detection of such pathogens as Trichomonas vaginalis are available in the published literature, they have not been included since they are not yet widely used for laboratory diagnosis or research. Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Methods and Protocols is one of a series of books treating Methods Molecular Medicine, published by Humana Press.
