How to do Research - Indianapolis

Focusing a research topic is an important first step for any assignment. It's a process that involves going from a broad topic idea to a specific research question so that the topic can be covered within the scope of a research paper or presentation.

For initial brainstorming and topic identification:

• Consider browsing databases like Opposing Viewpoints in Context or CQ Researcher, which feature lists of interesting topics
• Consider creating a visual mind map to explore what sub-topics are related to the overall topic (video tutorial available on the lower-lefthand side of the screen)
• Consider if you have a personal connection to an aspect of the topic (e.g. how does the topic impact a community you belong to, or relate to something you're interested in?)

Before you begin an in-depth search for scholarly articles or books, consider checking reference sources to gather background and context information that provides an overview of your topic.  This helps determine the:

• SCOPE of your topic
• IMPORTANT ISSUES related to the topic
• TERMINOLOGY or language of the topic used by experts

Consulting reference sources helps you 1) narrow a broad topic to a focused research question, and 2) know which keywords to look for when searching articles and books in research databases.

Framing your research topic as a question helps to focus the scope of your research. Research is the process used to discover information that helps you answer your research question. 

There are two types of questions:

1. Closed-ended Questions: invite a singular answer or statement of fact in response to the question
   • If a research question can be answered in a single word or short statement of fact, it's not an ideal research question.
   • For example, it'd be very difficult to write a 5-6 page essay responding to the question, "Are there 24 hours in a day?"  There's only one factual answer: Yes. 
2. Open-ended Questions: invite multiple perspectives or responses to the question, which can be interpreted to form and defend a position or argument about the topic
   • Questions that begin with words like WHAT, WHY, and HOW will lead to information that you can use to develop and explain your answer. 
   • For example, you could write a multi-page essay responding to the question:  "How does college students' use of time-management strategies impact their academic success?"

For more information about effective research questions, watch the Research Question Video Tutorial to the left, which has been created by the Colorado State University Libraries.

To get help narrowing the focus of your own research question, use the Click for Research help button to the left.