Citation Guide - Valparaiso

Use this format to reference any ATI books. Up to 20 authors can be listed according to APA 7th ed. Guidelines. 

Author last name, first initial. (Year). Title in sentence case (edition). Publisher. 

Note: For a work with three or more authors, list the first author and “et al.” for all citations, including the first citation.

If you have a couple references where your in-text citations would look exactly the same you add a lowercase letter after the year to tell them apart. Here are the rules from the APA Style Blog: https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/basic-principles/same-year-author

• Reference Example: 

  Holman, H. C., Williams, D., Johnson, J., Sommer, S., Ball, B. S., Morris, C., Leehy, P., &  Hertel, R. (2020a). Adult medical surgical nursing. (11.0 ed.). Assessment Technologies Institute.

  Holman, H. C., Williams, D., Johnson, J., Sommer, S., Ball, B. S., Morris, C., Leehy, P., & Hertel, R. (2020b). PN maternal newborn nursing. (11.0 ed.). Assessment Technologies Institute.

• In-text Example: (Holman et al, 2020a, p. 121-122)

If you use AI Tools, like ChatGPT, in your paper or presentation, describe how you used the tool. For example, which tool did you use, which version, what did you ask the tool to do. In your text, provide the prompt you gave the AI tool and and then the generated response. 

Unfortunately, the results you get will not be retrievable by others. This type of material is usually cited as personal communication, however there is no other person communicating so quoting from ChatGPT's text session is more like sharing an algorithm's output. In this case, you credit the author of the algorithm with a reference list entry and an in-text citation. 

Note: To find the current version of ChatGPT, click on the tiny question mark icon in the lower right hand corner, then click on release notes to see the version you are using. 

Use this example anytime you are referencing a book, electronic or hard copy: 

Use this example anytime you are referencing a chapter or section of an edited book, electronic or hard copy: 

Use this citation example if you use a Drug Handbook either an online e-book version or paper version. You will need to determine if your reference has authors or editors and use one of the examples below. This is the same format you would use for any section of an edited reference book: handbooks, dictionaries, encyclopedias.

Section of Edited Book:

Title of section or drug. (Year).  In First initial. Last name of book editor. Title of handbook in sentence case.(edition if available, pp. xx-xx). Publisher. 

Note: If you have more than one editor, used (Eds.) and separate their names with commas, adding an ampersand (&) before the final name.  

Section of Authored Book:

Author last name, first initial. (Year). Section name. In Title in sentence case (Edition, page numbers). Publisher. 

First initial. Last name of author.(Year). Title of section. In Title of handbook in sentence case.(edition if available, pp. xx-xx). Publisher. 

Note: If you have more than one author separate their names with commas, adding an ampersand (&) before the final name.  

Refer to the APA Style website for more information on citing the DSM.

Individual chapters: 

American Psychiatric Association. (2022).  Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders. In Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th-TR ed.). https://doi-org.allstate.libproxy.ivytech.edu/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787

In-text example: 

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th-TR ed; DSM–5; American Psychiatric Association, 2022) is the most widely accepted nomenclature used by clinicians and researchers for the classification of mental disorders.

The first time you cite the Manual, give its full title as above. After, you can use the abbreviation DSM–5. 

You can use the abbreviation APA for the author, as long as you introduce the APA's full name at first reference: 

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th-TR ed.; DSM–5; American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2022) is the most widely accepted nomenclature used by clinicians and researchers for the classification of mental disorders. . . . The changes involving the removal of the legal problems criterion and the addition of a craving criterion were retained in the final revision of the diagnostic criteria (APA, 2022).

Use this citation if your material is a report or a entry from a government website. 

If the image is from a book/book chapter or journal article, and was created by the authors of that source, just cite the book/chapter or article. If you are using the image in your work cite it as you would a direct quote, and include a page number.

Note: Although for most images you must look at the license on a case-by-case basis, images and clip art from programs such as Microsoft Word and Microsoft PowerPoint can be used without attribution. By purchasing the program, you have purchased a license to use the clip art and images that come with the program without attribution.

For clipart or stock images found online:

• If the license associated with clip art or a stock image states “no attribution required,” then do not provide an APA Style reference, in-text citation, or copyright attribution. To use the image as a figure in an APA Style paper, provide a figure number and title and then the image. If desired, describe the image in a figure note.
• If the license associated with clip art or a stock image says that attribution is required, then provide a copyright attribution in the figure note and a reference list entry for the image in the reference list. 

  To use the image as a figure in an APA Style paper, provide a figure number and title and then the image. Below the image, provide a copyright attribution in the figure note. In a presentation, the figure number and title are optional but the note containing the copyright attribution is required. The copyright attribution is used instead of an in-text citation. The copyright attribution consists of the same elements as the reference list entry, but in a different order (title, author, date, site name, URL).

Use this reference example if your material is a handbook, dictionary, or other type of reference work, in print or electronic, from library databases.

Below are a few common examples. Find more examples on  the APA Style Blog. 

Notes for citing videos: 

• If you have more than one director use (Directors) instead and separate their names with commas, adding an ampersand (&) before the final name.  If the director is unknown, credit someone in a similar role (producer/writer) and put their job title in round brackets after their name. You can often find all the information you need on the Internet Movie Database website. 

• For in-text citations, because videos do not have page numbers, provide a time stamp for the beginning of the scene you are citing. 

Use this example anytime you are referencing an article from a website. If your article doesn't have an author, you may want to look for another resource. 

Use this example if your website does not have an identifiable author. 

Short Quotations

If a quotation is 40 or fewer words, treat it as a short quotation: 

• Include the quote in the sentence or paragraph and enclose it within double quotation marks: "......".
• Include the author, year of publication, and page number for the in-text citation. 
• If the author and date are introduced as a narrative citation, then add the page numbers in parentheses at the end of the quote. 
  • For example, Mohseni (2024) demonstrated how to " ......." (p. 76). 
• If the author and date are not introduced as part of the text, a parenthetical citation, then include the author, date, and page number after the quotation. 
  • For example, "...energy industry fundamentals is the best course this Fall" (Mohseni, 2024, p.76). 

Note: If page numbers are not available (e.g., webpages, some e-books, etc), provide readers with another way of locating the quoted material. You can use a heading or section name, a paragraph number (count them manually), or a combination of both. 

See examples of direct quotations without page numbers on the APA Style Blog. 

Long (Block) Quotations

If a quotation is longer than 40 words, treat it as a long or block quotation: 

• Do not use quotation marks to enclose a block quotation. 
• Start a block quotation on a new line and indent the whole block 0.5 inches from the left margin. 
• If there are additional paragraphs within the quotation, indent the first line of each subsequent paragraph an additional 0.5 in.
• Double-space the entire block quotation. Do not add any extra space before or after it. 
• Either (a) cite the source in parentheses after the quotation’s final punctuation or (b) cite the author and year in the narrative before the quotation and place only the page number in parentheses after the quotation’s final punctuation. Do not add a period after the closing parenthesis in either case.

Note: If page numbers are not available (e.g., webpages, some e-books, etc), provide readers with another way of locating the quoted materials. You can use a heading or section name, a paragraph number (count them manually), or a combination of both. 

See examples of direct quotations without page numbers on the APA Style Blog. 

Block quotation with parenthetical citation:

Block quotation with narrative citation: 

See more information about quotations on the APA Style Blog